admin Cars are responsible for a lot of the carbon emissions that contribute to global warming, but so is their manufacture. Could plastic made from weeds, modular designs and other innovations help the motor industry reduce its carbon footprint?
Everyone knows that driving fossil fuel-guzzling cars is bad for the environment but we often hear less about what can be done to reduce the CO2 emissions of vehicles before they even hit the road.
The carbon footprint of making a new car varies greatly depending on the model, but it is usually big. Some have calculated that as much carbon is emitted to manufacture a car as is emitted by driving it across its lifetime.
That’s why Selena, a research group in Poland, is turning to plants that are not used in the human food chain as a potential source of eco-friendly plastics. It’s called the Biomotive project and it has been awarded €15m (£13.5m) from the EU.
Car dashboards and other interior components could soon be made from bioplastics, explains Wojciech Komala, research and development director.
“We lower the carbon footprint by using bio-based sources,” he says. “And by trying to develop lighter components for the cars.”
Plant chemicals are used to synthesise polymers in the lab – a natural process harnessed for industrial use. The bioplastics that result can be heated and injected into a mould or 3D printed like any conventional plastic.
Although currently an expensive option, it is theoretically greener than using oil since plants are renewable carbon sinks – that is they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
The Biomotive project will try to find out if Selena’s bioplastics process can be made commercially viable for the car industry. Mr Komala says his team hopes to construct a small production factory next year.
The motor industry has done quite a lot already to reduce emissions. In the last 10 years, the carbon emissions associated with car production in Europe have fallen by nearly 24%, even though the number of cars produced has increased by more than 40%.
But there is still much more it could do.
One option is to make cars out of lighter materials, meaning they emit a lower volume of greenhouse gases when driven. Aluminium, say, instead of cast iron. All well and good, but it turns out that aluminium is an energy-intensive metal to mine and produce.
The production of an aluminium cylinder block consumes 1.8 to 3.7 times more energy than the production of cast iron, Cranfield University’s Prof Mark Jolly has calculated.
It means that cars would have to be driven far longer to reap the benefits of reduced CO2 emissions on the road. In fact, in many cases they’d have to be driven for longer than their life expectancy would allow.
“The great majority of cars aren’t helping – they’re just increasing CO2 emissions,” writes Prof Jolly.
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